Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA‐NET methodological recommendations
Identifieur interne : 000080 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000079; suivant : 000081Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA‐NET methodological recommendations
Auteurs : A. Sanchez-Mazas [Suisse] ; B. Vidan-Jeras [Slovénie] ; J. M. Nunes [Suisse] ; G. Fischer [Autriche] ; A. Little [Royaume-Uni] ; U. Bekmane [Lettonie] ; S. Buhler [Suisse] ; S. Buus [Danemark] ; F. H. J. Claas [Pays-Bas] ; A. Dormoy [France] ; V. Dubois [France] ; E. Eglite [Lettonie] ; J. F. Eliaou [France] ; F. Gonzalez-Galarza [Royaume-Uni] ; Z. Grubic [Croatie] ; M. Ivanova [Bulgarie] ; B. Lie [Norvège] ; D. Ligeiro [Portugal] ; M. L. Lokki [Finlande] ; B. Martins Da Silva [Portugal] ; J. Martorell [Espagne] ; D. Mendonça [Portugal] ; D. Middleton [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Papioannou Voniatis [Chypre (pays)] ; C. Papasteriades [Grèce] ; F. Poli [Italie] ; M. E. Riccio [Suisse] ; M. Spyropoulou Vlachou [Grèce] ; G. Sulcebe [Albanie] ; S. Tonks [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Toungouz Nevessignsky [Belgique] ; C. Vangenot [Suisse] ; A. Van Walraven [Pays-Bas] ; J. Tiercy [Suisse]Source :
- International Journal of Immunogenetics [ 1744-3121 ] ; 2012-12.
Abstract
HLA‐NET (a European COST Action) aims at networking researchers working in bone marrow transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics to improve the molecular characterization of the HLA genetic diversity of human populations, with an expected strong impact on both public health and fundamental research. Such improvements involve finding consensual strategies to characterize human populations and samples and report HLA molecular typings and ambiguities; proposing user‐friendly access to databases and computer tools and defining minimal requirements related to ethical aspects. The overall outcome is the provision of population genetic characterizations and comparisons in a standard way by all interested laboratories. This article reports the recommendations of four working groups (WG1‐4) of the HLA‐NET network at the mid‐term of its activities. WG1 (Population definitions and sampling strategies for population genetics’ analyses) recommends avoiding outdated racial classifications and population names (e.g. ‘Caucasian’) and using instead geographic and/or cultural (e.g. linguistic) criteria to describe human populations (e.g. ‘pan‐European’). A standard ‘HLA‐NET POPULATION DATA QUESTIONNAIRE’ has been finalized and is available for the whole HLA community. WG2 (HLA typing standards for population genetics analyses) recommends retaining maximal information when reporting HLA typing results. Rather than using the National Marrow Donor Program coding system, all ambiguities should be provided by listing all allele pairs required to explain each genotype, according to the formats proposed in ‘HLA‐NET GUIDELINES FOR REPORTING HLA TYPINGS’. The group also suggests taking into account a preliminary list of alleles defined by polymorphisms outside the peptide‐binding sites that may affect population genetic statistics because of significant frequencies. WG3 (Bioinformatic strategies for HLA population data storage and analysis) recommends the use of programs capable of dealing with ambiguous data, such as the ‘gene[rate]’ computer tools to estimate frequencies, test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and selective neutrality on data containing any number and kind of ambiguities. WG4 (Ethical issues) proposes to adopt thorough general principles for any HLA population study to ensure that it conforms to (inter)national legislation or recommendations/guidelines. All HLA‐NET guidelines and tools are available through its website http://hla‐net.eu.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01113.x
Affiliations:
- Albanie, Autriche, Belgique, Bulgarie, Chypre (pays), Croatie, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, France, Grèce, Italie, Lettonie, Norvège, Pays-Bas, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Slovénie, Suisse
- Angleterre, Canton de Genève, Catalogne, Hollande-Méridionale, Hovedstaden, Oxfordshire, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Sofia-ville (oblast), Uusimaa, Vienne (Autriche)
- Barcelone, Bruxelles, Copenhague, Genève, Helsinki, Leyde, Lyon, Montpellier, Oxford, Sofia, Strasbourg, Vienne (Autriche)
- Université d'Helsinki, Université d'Oxford, Université de Genève
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: 001663
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: 001616
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: 000451
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000839
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000838
- to stream Main, to step Exploration: 000838
- to stream France, to step Extraction: 000080
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:9902ADAAE4A96BC432EC387AFBC8954EB43E320BLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA‐NET methodological recommendations</title><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Azas, A" sort="Sanchez Azas, A" uniqKey="Sanchez Azas A" first="A." last="Sanchez-Mazas">A. Sanchez-Mazas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vidan Eras, B" sort="Vidan Eras, B" uniqKey="Vidan Eras B" first="B." last="Vidan-Jeras">B. Vidan-Jeras</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nunes, J M" sort="Nunes, J M" uniqKey="Nunes J" first="J. M." last="Nunes">J. M. Nunes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, G" sort="Fischer, G" uniqKey="Fischer G" first="G." last="Fischer">G. Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Little, A" sort="Little, A" uniqKey="Little A" first="A." last="Little">A. Little</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bekmane, U" sort="Bekmane, U" uniqKey="Bekmane U" first="U." last="Bekmane">U. Bekmane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buhler, S" sort="Buhler, S" uniqKey="Buhler S" first="S." last="Buhler">S. Buhler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buus, S" sort="Buus, S" uniqKey="Buus S" first="S." last="Buus">S. Buus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Claas, F H J" sort="Claas, F H J" uniqKey="Claas F" first="F. H. J." last="Claas">F. H. J. Claas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dormoy, A" sort="Dormoy, A" uniqKey="Dormoy A" first="A." last="Dormoy">A. Dormoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dubois, V" sort="Dubois, V" uniqKey="Dubois V" first="V." last="Dubois">V. Dubois</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eglite, E" sort="Eglite, E" uniqKey="Eglite E" first="E." last="Eglite">E. Eglite</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eliaou, J F" sort="Eliaou, J F" uniqKey="Eliaou J" first="J. F." last="Eliaou">J. F. Eliaou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Alarza, F" sort="Gonzalez Alarza, F" uniqKey="Gonzalez Alarza F" first="F." last="Gonzalez-Galarza">F. Gonzalez-Galarza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grubic, Z" sort="Grubic, Z" uniqKey="Grubic Z" first="Z." last="Grubic">Z. Grubic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanova, M" sort="Ivanova, M" uniqKey="Ivanova M" first="M." last="Ivanova">M. Ivanova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lie, B" sort="Lie, B" uniqKey="Lie B" first="B." last="Lie">B. Lie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ligeiro, D" sort="Ligeiro, D" uniqKey="Ligeiro D" first="D." last="Ligeiro">D. Ligeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lokki, M L" sort="Lokki, M L" uniqKey="Lokki M" first="M. L." last="Lokki">M. L. Lokki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, B Martins" sort="Da Silva, B Martins" uniqKey="Da Silva B" first="B. Martins" last="Da Silva">B. Martins Da Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martorell, J" sort="Martorell, J" uniqKey="Martorell J" first="J." last="Martorell">J. Martorell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendonca, D" sort="Mendonca, D" uniqKey="Mendonca D" first="D." last="Mendonça">D. Mendonça</name></author><author><name sortKey="Middleton, D" sort="Middleton, D" uniqKey="Middleton D" first="D." last="Middleton">D. Middleton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voniatis, D Papioannou" sort="Voniatis, D Papioannou" uniqKey="Voniatis D" first="D. Papioannou" last="Voniatis">D. Papioannou Voniatis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Papasteriades, C" sort="Papasteriades, C" uniqKey="Papasteriades C" first="C." last="Papasteriades">C. Papasteriades</name></author><author><name sortKey="Poli, F" sort="Poli, F" uniqKey="Poli F" first="F." last="Poli">F. Poli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riccio, M E" sort="Riccio, M E" uniqKey="Riccio M" first="M. E." last="Riccio">M. E. Riccio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vlachou, M Spyropoulou" sort="Vlachou, M Spyropoulou" uniqKey="Vlachou M" first="M. Spyropoulou" last="Vlachou">M. Spyropoulou Vlachou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sulcebe, G" sort="Sulcebe, G" uniqKey="Sulcebe G" first="G." last="Sulcebe">G. Sulcebe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tonks, S" sort="Tonks, S" uniqKey="Tonks S" first="S." last="Tonks">S. Tonks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nevessignsky, M Toungouz" sort="Nevessignsky, M Toungouz" uniqKey="Nevessignsky M" first="M. Toungouz" last="Nevessignsky">M. Toungouz Nevessignsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vangenot, C" sort="Vangenot, C" uniqKey="Vangenot C" first="C." last="Vangenot">C. Vangenot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Walraven, A" sort="Van Walraven, A" uniqKey="Van Walraven A" first="A." last="Van Walraven">A. Van Walraven</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tiercy, J" sort="Tiercy, J" uniqKey="Tiercy J" first="J." last="Tiercy">J. Tiercy</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:9902ADAAE4A96BC432EC387AFBC8954EB43E320B</idno><date when="2012" year="2012">2012</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01113.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/9902ADAAE4A96BC432EC387AFBC8954EB43E320B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001663</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">001616</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000451</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1744-3121:2012:Sanchez Azas A:strategies:to:work</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000839</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000838</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000838</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/France/Extraction">000080</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA‐NET methodological recommendations</title><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Azas, A" sort="Sanchez Azas, A" uniqKey="Sanchez Azas A" first="A." last="Sanchez-Mazas">A. Sanchez-Mazas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Geneva, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Genève</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Genève</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Genève</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vidan Eras, B" sort="Vidan Eras, B" uniqKey="Vidan Eras B" first="B." last="Vidan-Jeras">B. Vidan-Jeras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nunes, J M" sort="Nunes, J M" uniqKey="Nunes J" first="J. M." last="Nunes">J. M. Nunes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Geneva, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Genève</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Genève</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Genève</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, G" sort="Fischer, G" uniqKey="Fischer G" first="G." last="Fischer">G. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical University of Vienna, Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Little, A" sort="Little, A" uniqKey="Little A" first="A." last="Little">A. Little</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Glasgow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bekmane, U" sort="Bekmane, U" uniqKey="Bekmane U" first="U." last="Bekmane">U. Bekmane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Lettonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Riga Stradins University, Riga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buhler, S" sort="Buhler, S" uniqKey="Buhler S" first="S." last="Buhler">S. Buhler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Geneva, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Genève</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Genève</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Genève</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buus, S" sort="Buus, S" uniqKey="Buus S" first="S." last="Buus">S. Buus</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Claas, F H J" sort="Claas, F H J" uniqKey="Claas F" first="F. H. J." last="Claas">F. H. J. Claas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dormoy, A" sort="Dormoy, A" uniqKey="Dormoy A" first="A." last="Dormoy">A. Dormoy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>EFS, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubois, V" sort="Dubois, V" uniqKey="Dubois V" first="V." last="Dubois">V. Dubois</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>EFS Rhone Alpes, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eglite, E" sort="Eglite, E" uniqKey="Eglite E" first="E." last="Eglite">E. Eglite</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Lettonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Riga Stradins University, Riga</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riga</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eliaou, J F" sort="Eliaou, J F" uniqKey="Eliaou J" first="J. F." last="Eliaou">J. F. Eliaou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Saint‐Eloi Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Alarza, F" sort="Gonzalez Alarza, F" uniqKey="Gonzalez Alarza F" first="F." last="Gonzalez-Galarza">F. Gonzalez-Galarza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grubic, Z" sort="Grubic, Z" uniqKey="Grubic Z" first="Z." last="Grubic">Z. Grubic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivanova, M" sort="Ivanova, M" uniqKey="Ivanova M" first="M." last="Ivanova">M. Ivanova</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sofia</settlement><region nuts="2">Sofia-ville (oblast)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lie, B" sort="Lie, B" uniqKey="Lie B" first="B." last="Lie">B. Lie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oslo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ligeiro, D" sort="Ligeiro, D" uniqKey="Ligeiro D" first="D." last="Ligeiro">D. Ligeiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Histocompatibilidad do Sul, Lisboa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisboa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lokki, M L" sort="Lokki, M L" uniqKey="Lokki M" first="M. L." last="Lokki">M. L. Lokki</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, B Martins" sort="Da Silva, B Martins" uniqKey="Da Silva B" first="B. Martins" last="Da Silva">B. Martins Da Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martorell, J" sort="Martorell, J" uniqKey="Martorell J" first="J." last="Martorell">J. Martorell</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>H. Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendonca, D" sort="Mendonca, D" uniqKey="Mendonca D" first="D." last="Mendonça">D. Mendonça</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Porto, Porto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Porto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Middleton, D" sort="Middleton, D" uniqKey="Middleton D" first="D." last="Middleton">D. Middleton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Transplant Immunology Laboratory, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voniatis, D Papioannou" sort="Voniatis, D Papioannou" uniqKey="Voniatis D" first="D. Papioannou" last="Voniatis">D. Papioannou Voniatis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Chypre (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Nicosia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nicosia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papasteriades, C" sort="Papasteriades, C" uniqKey="Papasteriades C" first="C." last="Papasteriades">C. Papasteriades</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poli, F" sort="Poli, F" uniqKey="Poli F" first="F." last="Poli">F. Poli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riccio, M E" sort="Riccio, M E" uniqKey="Riccio M" first="M. E." last="Riccio">M. E. Riccio</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Geneva, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Genève</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Genève</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Genève</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vlachou, M Spyropoulou" sort="Vlachou, M Spyropoulou" uniqKey="Vlachou M" first="M. Spyropoulou" last="Vlachou">M. Spyropoulou Vlachou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>General University Hospital of Athens Alexandra, Athens</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Athens</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sulcebe, G" sort="Sulcebe, G" uniqKey="Sulcebe G" first="G." last="Sulcebe">G. Sulcebe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital Center, Tirana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tirana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tonks, S" sort="Tonks, S" uniqKey="Tonks S" first="S." last="Tonks">S. Tonks</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nevessignsky, M Toungouz" sort="Nevessignsky, M Toungouz" uniqKey="Nevessignsky M" first="M. Toungouz" last="Nevessignsky">M. Toungouz Nevessignsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Erasme Hospital, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vangenot, C" sort="Vangenot, C" uniqKey="Vangenot C" first="C." last="Vangenot">C. Vangenot</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Geneva, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Genève</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Genève</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Genève</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Walraven, A" sort="Van Walraven, A" uniqKey="Van Walraven A" first="A." last="Van Walraven">A. Van Walraven</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiercy, J" sort="Tiercy, J" uniqKey="Tiercy J" first="J." last="Tiercy">J. Tiercy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital Geneva, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">International Journal of Immunogenetics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Int J Immunogenet</title><idno type="ISSN">1744-3121</idno><idno type="eISSN">1744-313X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-12">2012-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="459">459</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="476">476</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1744-3121</idno></series><idno type="istex">9902ADAAE4A96BC432EC387AFBC8954EB43E320B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01113.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">IJI1113</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1744-3121</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">HLA‐NET (a European COST Action) aims at networking researchers working in bone marrow transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics to improve the molecular characterization of the HLA genetic diversity of human populations, with an expected strong impact on both public health and fundamental research. Such improvements involve finding consensual strategies to characterize human populations and samples and report HLA molecular typings and ambiguities; proposing user‐friendly access to databases and computer tools and defining minimal requirements related to ethical aspects. The overall outcome is the provision of population genetic characterizations and comparisons in a standard way by all interested laboratories. This article reports the recommendations of four working groups (WG1‐4) of the HLA‐NET network at the mid‐term of its activities. WG1 (Population definitions and sampling strategies for population genetics’ analyses) recommends avoiding outdated racial classifications and population names (e.g. ‘Caucasian’) and using instead geographic and/or cultural (e.g. linguistic) criteria to describe human populations (e.g. ‘pan‐European’). A standard ‘HLA‐NET POPULATION DATA QUESTIONNAIRE’ has been finalized and is available for the whole HLA community. WG2 (HLA typing standards for population genetics analyses) recommends retaining maximal information when reporting HLA typing results. Rather than using the National Marrow Donor Program coding system, all ambiguities should be provided by listing all allele pairs required to explain each genotype, according to the formats proposed in ‘HLA‐NET GUIDELINES FOR REPORTING HLA TYPINGS’. The group also suggests taking into account a preliminary list of alleles defined by polymorphisms outside the peptide‐binding sites that may affect population genetic statistics because of significant frequencies. WG3 (Bioinformatic strategies for HLA population data storage and analysis) recommends the use of programs capable of dealing with ambiguous data, such as the ‘gene[rate]’ computer tools to estimate frequencies, test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and selective neutrality on data containing any number and kind of ambiguities. WG4 (Ethical issues) proposes to adopt thorough general principles for any HLA population study to ensure that it conforms to (inter)national legislation or recommendations/guidelines. All HLA‐NET guidelines and tools are available through its website http://hla‐net.eu.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Albanie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Bulgarie</li><li>Chypre (pays)</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Italie</li><li>Lettonie</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Slovénie</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Canton de Genève</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Hollande-Méridionale</li><li>Hovedstaden</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Sofia-ville (oblast)</li><li>Uusimaa</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></region><settlement><li>Barcelone</li><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Copenhague</li><li>Genève</li><li>Helsinki</li><li>Leyde</li><li>Lyon</li><li>Montpellier</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Sofia</li><li>Strasbourg</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Helsinki</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de Genève</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Genève"><name sortKey="Sanchez Azas, A" sort="Sanchez Azas, A" uniqKey="Sanchez Azas A" first="A." last="Sanchez-Mazas">A. Sanchez-Mazas</name></region><name sortKey="Buhler, S" sort="Buhler, S" uniqKey="Buhler S" first="S." last="Buhler">S. Buhler</name><name sortKey="Nunes, J M" sort="Nunes, J M" uniqKey="Nunes J" first="J. M." last="Nunes">J. M. Nunes</name><name sortKey="Riccio, M E" sort="Riccio, M E" uniqKey="Riccio M" first="M. E." last="Riccio">M. E. Riccio</name><name sortKey="Tiercy, J" sort="Tiercy, J" uniqKey="Tiercy J" first="J." last="Tiercy">J. Tiercy</name><name sortKey="Vangenot, C" sort="Vangenot, C" uniqKey="Vangenot C" first="C." last="Vangenot">C. Vangenot</name></country><country name="Slovénie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vidan Eras, B" sort="Vidan Eras, B" uniqKey="Vidan Eras B" first="B." last="Vidan-Jeras">B. Vidan-Jeras</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Fischer, G" sort="Fischer, G" uniqKey="Fischer G" first="G." last="Fischer">G. Fischer</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Little, A" sort="Little, A" uniqKey="Little A" first="A." last="Little">A. Little</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gonzalez Alarza, F" sort="Gonzalez Alarza, F" uniqKey="Gonzalez Alarza F" first="F." last="Gonzalez-Galarza">F. Gonzalez-Galarza</name><name sortKey="Middleton, D" sort="Middleton, D" uniqKey="Middleton D" first="D." last="Middleton">D. Middleton</name><name sortKey="Middleton, D" sort="Middleton, D" uniqKey="Middleton D" first="D." last="Middleton">D. Middleton</name><name sortKey="Tonks, S" sort="Tonks, S" uniqKey="Tonks S" first="S." last="Tonks">S. Tonks</name></country><country name="Lettonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bekmane, U" sort="Bekmane, U" uniqKey="Bekmane U" first="U." last="Bekmane">U. Bekmane</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Eglite, E" sort="Eglite, E" uniqKey="Eglite E" first="E." last="Eglite">E. Eglite</name></country><country name="Danemark"><region name="Hovedstaden"><name sortKey="Buus, S" sort="Buus, S" uniqKey="Buus S" first="S." last="Buus">S. Buus</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Méridionale"><name sortKey="Claas, F H J" sort="Claas, F H J" uniqKey="Claas F" first="F. H. J." last="Claas">F. H. J. Claas</name></region><name sortKey="Van Walraven, A" sort="Van Walraven, A" uniqKey="Van Walraven A" first="A." last="Van Walraven">A. Van Walraven</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dormoy, A" sort="Dormoy, A" uniqKey="Dormoy A" first="A." last="Dormoy">A. Dormoy</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Dubois, V" sort="Dubois, V" uniqKey="Dubois V" first="V." last="Dubois">V. Dubois</name><name sortKey="Eliaou, J F" sort="Eliaou, J F" uniqKey="Eliaou J" first="J. F." last="Eliaou">J. F. Eliaou</name></country><country name="Croatie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grubic, Z" sort="Grubic, Z" uniqKey="Grubic Z" first="Z." last="Grubic">Z. Grubic</name></noRegion></country><country name="Bulgarie"><region name="Sofia-ville (oblast)"><name sortKey="Ivanova, M" sort="Ivanova, M" uniqKey="Ivanova M" first="M." last="Ivanova">M. Ivanova</name></region></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lie, B" sort="Lie, B" uniqKey="Lie B" first="B." last="Lie">B. Lie</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ligeiro, D" sort="Ligeiro, D" uniqKey="Ligeiro D" first="D." last="Ligeiro">D. Ligeiro</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Da Silva, B Martins" sort="Da Silva, B Martins" uniqKey="Da Silva B" first="B. Martins" last="Da Silva">B. Martins Da Silva</name><name sortKey="Mendonca, D" sort="Mendonca, D" uniqKey="Mendonca D" first="D." last="Mendonça">D. Mendonça</name></country><country name="Finlande"><region name="Uusimaa"><name sortKey="Lokki, M L" sort="Lokki, M L" uniqKey="Lokki M" first="M. L." last="Lokki">M. L. Lokki</name></region></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Martorell, J" sort="Martorell, J" uniqKey="Martorell J" first="J." last="Martorell">J. Martorell</name></region></country><country name="Chypre (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Voniatis, D Papioannou" sort="Voniatis, D Papioannou" uniqKey="Voniatis D" first="D. Papioannou" last="Voniatis">D. Papioannou Voniatis</name></noRegion></country><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Papasteriades, C" sort="Papasteriades, C" uniqKey="Papasteriades C" first="C." last="Papasteriades">C. Papasteriades</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Vlachou, M Spyropoulou" sort="Vlachou, M Spyropoulou" uniqKey="Vlachou M" first="M. Spyropoulou" last="Vlachou">M. Spyropoulou Vlachou</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Poli, F" sort="Poli, F" uniqKey="Poli F" first="F." last="Poli">F. Poli</name></noRegion></country><country name="Albanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sulcebe, G" sort="Sulcebe, G" uniqKey="Sulcebe G" first="G." last="Sulcebe">G. Sulcebe</name></noRegion></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale"><name sortKey="Nevessignsky, M Toungouz" sort="Nevessignsky, M Toungouz" uniqKey="Nevessignsky M" first="M. Toungouz" last="Nevessignsky">M. Toungouz Nevessignsky</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Belgique/explor/OpenAccessBelV2/Data/France/Analysis
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000080 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/France/Analysis/biblio.hfd -nk 000080 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Belgique
|area= OpenAccessBelV2
|flux= France
|étape= Analysis
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:9902ADAAE4A96BC432EC387AFBC8954EB43E320B
|texte= Strategies to work with HLA data in human populations for histocompatibility, clinical transplantation, epidemiology and population genetics: HLA‐NET methodological recommendations
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |